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101.
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103.
Rudolf Habison 《International Journal of Project Management》1985,3(3):178-181
Meeting time and cost objectives in complex projects involves specific problems and risks. An attempt is made to analyse the components of total cost increase of a project caused by time delay. An outline is given as to how these considerations can be used to estimate cost increases in investors' decision situations as well as to ascertain fair contractual penalties and claims for compensation and for the evaluation of justified project acceleration costs. 相似文献
104.
105.
Er-Wei Bai Author Vitae 《Automatica》2003,39(9):1521-1530
This paper proposes a frequency domain algorithm for Wiener model identifications based on exploring the fundamental frequency and harmonics generated by the unknown nonlinearity. The convergence of the algorithm is established in the presence of white noise. No a priori knowledge of the structure of the nonlinearity is required and the linear part can be nonparametric. 相似文献
106.
《Particulate Science and Technology》2007,25(1):77-89
The removal of particulate contamination is a critical issue for many manufacturing processes. It is particularly critical to the electronics industry in which small pieces of microscopic debris remaining after chemical mechanical planarization (cmp) using submicron polishing particles can cause device failure. One way to enhance particle removal following the cmp process is to utilize surfactants. Recent research has shown ways to model the effect of surfactants on enhanced particle removal. However, previous research has not demonstrated the effect of ionic strength on enhanced particle removal associated with surfactant use. Past research has also not shown the combined effects of ionic strength and surfactant concentration on enhanced particle removal using surfactants. This article summarizes the parameters affecting particle removal, and it provides data and analysis on the effect of ionic strength as well as the combined effects of ionic strength and surfactant concentration on particle removal following cmp processing. 相似文献
107.
Common sense sometimes predicts events to be likely or unlikely rather than merely possible. We extend methods of qualitative reasoning to predict the relative likelihoods of possible qualitative behaviors by viewing the dynamics of a system as a Markov chain over its transition graph. This involves adding qualitative or quantitative estimates of transition probabilities to each of the transitions and applying the standard theory of Markov chains to distinguish persistent states from transient states and to calculate recurrence times, settling times, and probabilities for ending up in each state. Much of the analysis depends solely on qualitative estimates of transition probabilities, which follow directly from theoretical considerations and which lead to qualitative predictions about entire classes of systems. Quantitative estimates for specific systems are derived empirically and lead to qualitative and quantitative conclusions, most of which are insensitive to small perturbations in the estimated transition probabilities. The algorithms are straightforward and efficient. 相似文献
108.
B. P. PEHRSON J. D. LANDES 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2007,30(2):73-86
The purpose of this study is to examine the current standard fracture toughness test procedure to determine if there could be an easier method to get a JIc value from the test record. The current method for determining JIc involves a detailed computational and construction procedure. The objective in this study is to simplify the analysis for the determination of JIc. The results of this study show that the load and displacement record for a fracture toughness test can be used to directly estimate a JQ value, a provisional value for fracture toughness, JIc. The J value taken at the maximum load point can be used along with an adjustment factor to estimate a JQ value. This JQ estimate is close to the one obtained from the construction procedure of ASTM Standard E 1820. When a unit‐sized specimen is tested, that is, a specimen with a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm the maximum load point provides a direct estimate of JQ. Other sizes require a size adjustment factor, which is simply a square root relationship between the width of the test specimen and a unit width. The proposed new method of estimating JQ is simple in concept and requires a minimum number of calculations. It appears to produce values of JQ which are comparable to those obtained from the ASTM E1820 construction procedure and may produce less scatter. 相似文献
109.
ISIS全局优化多道反演技术在墩2块岩性油藏描述中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为进一步落实墩2块戴一段岩性油藏成藏规模及分布规律,针对该储层薄、横向变化快的特点,利用ISIS全局优化多道反演技术,对该构造区岩性储层进行了精细描述,较好的预测出戴一段储层平面分布规律。 相似文献
110.
Local Exact Particle Tracing on Unstructured Grids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For analyzing and interpreting results of flow simulations, particle tracing is a well established visualization method. In addition, it is a preliminary step for more advanced techniques such as line integral convolution. For interactive exploration of large data sets, a very efficient and reliable particle tracing method is needed. For wind channel experiments or flight simulations, large unstructured computational grids have become common practice. Traditional approachs, based on numerical integration methods of ordinary differential equations however fail to deliver sufficiently accurate path calculation at the speed required for interactive use. In this paper we extend the local exact approach of Nielson and Jung in such a way that it can be used for interactive particle tracing in large data sets of steady flow simulation experiments. This will be achieved by sophisticated preprocessing using additional memory. For further visual enhancement of the streamline we construct an implicitly defined smooth Bézier curve that is used for ray tracing. This allows us to visualize additional scalar values of the simulation as attributes to the trajectory and enables the display of high‐quality smooth curves without creating any visualization geometry and providing a good impression of the spatial situation at the same time. ACM CSS: I.3.3 Computer Graphics—Line and curve generation; I .3.7 Computer Graphics—Raytracing; G.1.2 Numerical Analysis—Spline and piecewise polynomial approximation 相似文献